補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
在英語(yǔ)中，有很多語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。今天我們著重講下補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別是什么?下面就跟著學(xué)習(xí)啦小編一起來(lái)看看吧。
補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)有什么區(qū)別
表語(yǔ)很好找，只要有系動(dòng)詞，跟在系動(dòng)詞后的就是表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的特征，狀態(tài)，身份，類屬。主語(yǔ)、系詞和表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中系詞和表語(yǔ)合起來(lái)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，形容詞，副詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或從句。
例：He is a teacher.(teacher名)
It is hers.(物主代詞hers)
Who is she?(人稱代詞Who)
Two times three is six.(基數(shù)詞six)
He was the first to get there.(序數(shù)詞 the first )
She is very kind.(形容詞very kind)
My father is out.(副詞out)
His job is to teach.(不定式to teach)
Talking is not doing.(動(dòng)名詞doing)
His speech is surprising.(現(xiàn)在分詞surprising)
I am surprised at his speech .(過(guò)去分詞surprised)
Japan is in the east of Asia.(介詞短語(yǔ)in the east of Asia)
That is what I want to say.(從句what I want to say)
常見的系動(dòng)詞有：
(表示身份，狀態(tài)的)be,(表示變化的)become,get,turn,grow,stay,
(表示感覺(jué)的)smell,taste,feel,sound,seem,look,appear
補(bǔ)語(yǔ)分為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用以補(bǔ)足主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、動(dòng)作、位置等?？梢宰餮a(bǔ)語(yǔ)的有：名詞，不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)。
常見的可以帶賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞及句型有
call sb/sth sth.
allow/ask/order/tell/teach sb to do sth
see/hear/make/have/watch sb do/doing sth
keep sb doing sth.
keep sth.+形容詞
find sb./sth. doing/介詞短語(yǔ)
例：We call her Lucy.(名詞 Lucy )
I allow him to have a look.(不定式 to have a look)
He kept me waiting half a day.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)waiting half a day) I saw him wounded.(過(guò)去分詞wounded)
It drove her mad.(形容詞 mad)
Let's show him out.(副詞out)
They found the boy in the well.(介詞短語(yǔ)in the well)
在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中，原主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)，相應(yīng)原來(lái)的賓補(bǔ)也就變成了主補(bǔ)。例如：
主動(dòng)句：They found the boy in the well.(in the well為賓補(bǔ)) 被動(dòng)句：The boy was found in the well.(in the well為主補(bǔ))
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