關于英語賓語從句的用法
關于英語賓語從句的用法
賓語從句,是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復合句中充當賓語,位于及物動詞、介詞或復合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句。同學們有沒有學會呢。還沒掌握的快抓緊啦。接下來小編在這里給大家?guī)碛⒄Z賓語從句的用法，我們一起來看看吧!
英語賓語從句的用法
1概念
假如一個句子作謂語動詞的賓語的話，我們把這個賓語叫做賓語從句。
賓語從句的完整結構是“主句+引導詞+從句”。
Eg: He said that he visit his teacher last year
2引導詞
通常引導陳述句的引導詞是“that”
引導一般疑問句的引導詞是“if”和“whether”
引導特殊疑問句的引導詞則是眾多的特殊疑問代詞或疑問副詞, what who when 等。
Eg: He asked me if (whether) I was a teacher.
直接引語變成賓語從句
直接引語：直接引用別人說的話
間接引語：轉達別人說的話
直接引語變成賓語從句，如果冒號，引號里是陳述句形式，要用“that”引導，同時從句中的人稱，時態(tài)，指示代詞，地點狀語等都要發(fā)生相應的變化。
3人稱的變化：遵循一主二賓三不變
"一主"是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。
如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go withher.
"二賓"是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱。如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then
"三不變"是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。
如：Mr Smith said. "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker
4時態(tài)變化(從句的時態(tài)向前倒一個時態(tài))
一般現(xiàn)在時——一般過去時
一般過去時——現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在進行時——過去進行時
一般將來時——過去將來時
現(xiàn)在完成時——過去完成時
過去完成時——過去完成時
Eg: She said. "I have lost a pen."
→She said she had lost a pen現(xiàn)在完成時——過去完成時
She said. "He will go to see his friend".
→She said he would go to see his friend一般將來時——過去將來時
但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。
1.直接引語是客觀真理。(地球圍著太陽公轉，月亮影響潮汐)
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.
→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
2.直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John
where he was going when he met him in the street。
3.直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21,1980。
4.直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復出現(xiàn)或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
5.如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式(例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時，(例：could, should, would, might)不再變。如：
Peter said. "You had better come here today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
5狀語變化
直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律，時間狀語由"現(xiàn)在"改為"原來"(例：now變?yōu)閠hen,yesterday變?yōu)?the day before，地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由"此"改為"彼"(例：this 改為that),
如：He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his
this——that
these——those
now——then
today——that day
yesterday——the day before
yesterday morning——the morning before
the day before yesterday——two days before
tomorrow——the next/follow day
tomorrow evening——the next/follow evening
this week——that week
last week——the week before
here——there
come——go
bring——take
6變句型
1.直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。如：She said, "Our bus will
arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
2.直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" he asked.→He asked me if I went to school by busor by bike.
3.直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句(賓語從句必須用陳述句語序)。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
Eg: I don't know whom you should depend on.
4.直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。
如："Don't make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not tomake any noise. "
Bring me a cup of tea, please," she said.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
5.直接引語如果是以"Let's"開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用"suggest "
如：He said, "Let's go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.
或: He suggested that they should go to see the film.
whta做賓語從句的例句
I know what is on the desk.
I don't know what made him unhappy.
Do you know what happened next?