關(guān)于在英語(yǔ)寫作中可加分的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句型使用方法分享
關(guān)于在英語(yǔ)寫作中可加分的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句型使用方法分享
關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)我相信應(yīng)該有很多孩子都是弄不清楚的，小編也是，在寫作文的時(shí)候總是用不對(duì)這個(gè)語(yǔ)法，今天就讓小編為大家整理一份超級(jí)詳細(xì)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)使用方法吧，一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)一
肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他
否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他
一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他
特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句(have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法二
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說(shuō)，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已經(jīng)郵寄出了照片。
與此種用法連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)一些模糊的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如already(肯定句句中), yet(否定句/疑問(wèn)句句尾), just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。
He has lived here since 1978.
自從1978年以來(lái)，他一直住在這兒。(動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)
此種用法常與for(+時(shí)間段),since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子)連用。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
有些瞬間動(dòng)詞可變?yōu)檠永m(xù)動(dòng)詞：
go out----be out
finish----be over
open----be open
die----be dead
buy---have
fall ill---be ill
come back----be back
catch a cold----have a cold
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見考法三
對(duì)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查，多以單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換或詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)的能力。在考試中，會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，或者是考查“瞬間動(dòng)詞”不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用”這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)。
【典型例題】
His father_____the party since 1978
A.joind
B.has joined
C.was in
D.has been in
答案：D
解析：本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的熟練掌握。 since 1978表達(dá)“自從1978年一直到現(xiàn)在”，表示這件事情從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而且動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，A、B均為瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能與時(shí)間段連用，故排除;C為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，也不行。
比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的異同四
1. 共同點(diǎn)：動(dòng)作都是在過(guò)去完成。
I saw the film yesterday evening.
I have seen the film before.
(看電影這件事都是在過(guò)去完成的。)
2. 區(qū)別：
?、佻F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系，只是說(shuō)明某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過(guò)去。
?、谝话氵^(guò)去時(shí)通常與具體明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如yesterday, last week , two years ago，just now，in 2002 等;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與 just ,already ,ever ,never 等模糊的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和 these days ,this week ,since..., for... 等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
【典型例題】
—______ you your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A.Did ; do ; finished
B.Have ; done ; finished
C.Have ; done ; have finished
答案：B
解析：本題考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別。問(wèn)句中的yet表明應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而回答中的a moment ago 是一個(gè)明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化五
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的規(guī)則變化相同。
?、?一般情況下，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked
visit---visited---visited
?、?以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived
?、?以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 "y" 變?yōu)?"i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied
cry---cried---cried
?、?重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped
drop---dropped--dropped
過(guò)去分詞的不規(guī)則變化六
一、AAA型(原形→原形→原形)
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| read | read | read | 讀 |
| cut | cut | cut | 切，割 |
| let | let | let | 讓 |
| put | put | put | 放 |
| cost | cost | cost | 花費(fèi)，值 |
| hit | hit | hit | 撞，擊 |
| set | set | set | 安排，安置 |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | 使…傷痛 |
| bet | bet | bet | 賭博，打賭 |
| cast | cast | cast | 拋 |
二、ABA型(原形→過(guò)去式→原形)
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| become | became | become | 成為 |
| come | came | come | 來(lái) |
| run | ran | run | 跑 |
| throw | threw | thrown | 扔 |
三、ABC型
1. ow →ew →own
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| blow | blew | blown | 吹 |
| draw | drew | drawn | 畫 |
| grow | grew | grown | 生長(zhǎng) |
| know | knew | known | 知道 |
2. i→a →u
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| begin | began | begun | 開始 |
| drink | drank | drunk | 喝 |
| sing | sang | sung | 唱 |
| swim | swam | swum | 游泳 |
| ring | rang | rung | 打電話 |
3. 原形→過(guò)去式→過(guò)去式+(e)n
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| wear | wore | worn | 穿 |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | 忘記 |
| speak | spoke | spoken | 說(shuō) |
| freeze | froze | frozen | 凍 |
| choose | chose | chosen | 選擇 |
| drive | drove | driven | 駕駛 |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | 誤解 |
| rise | rose | risen | 上升 |
| shake | shook | shaken | 搖 |
4. 原形→過(guò)去式→原形+(e)n
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | 禁止 |
| give | gave | given | 給 |
| ride | rode | ridden | 騎 |
| see | saw | seen | 看見 |
| write | wrote | written | 寫 |
| fall | fell | fallen | 落下 |
| break | broke | broken | 打破，折斷 |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | 原諒；寬恕 |
5. 無(wú)規(guī)律
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| am/is | was | been | 是 |
| are | were | been | 是 |
| do | did | done | 做 |
| go | went | gone | 走 |
| take | took | taken | 拿 |
四、ABB型
1. 原形→ought →ought
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| bring | brought | brought | 帶來(lái) |
| buy | bought | bought | 買 |
| fight | fought | fought | 打架 |
| think | thought | thought | 思考 |
| seek | sought | sought | 尋求 |
2. 原形→aught →aught
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| catch | caught | caught | 捉,抓 |
| teach | taught | taught | 教 |
3. 變其中一個(gè)元音字母
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| feed | fed | fed | 喂 |
| meet | met | met | 遇見 |
| get | got | got | 得到 |
| hold | held | held | 擁有 |
| babysit | babysat | babysat | 臨時(shí)照看 |
| sit | sat | sat | 坐 |
| win | won | won | 贏 |
| find | found | found | 發(fā)現(xiàn) |
| bend | bent | bent | 使彎曲 |
| dig | dug | dug | 挖 |
| lead | led | led | 引導(dǎo) |
| sell | sold | sold | 賣 |
4. 原形→□t→□t
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| feel | felt | felt | 感到 |
| keep | kept | kept | 保持 |
| leave | left | left | 離開 |
| sleep | slept | slept | 睡 |
| sweep | swept | swept | 掃 |
| smell | smelt | smelt | 聞；發(fā)出氣味 |
| retell | retold | retold | 復(fù)述 |
5. 變其中一個(gè)輔音字母
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| build | built | built | 建造 |
| hear | heard | heard | 聽見 |
| make | made | made | 制造 |
| mean | meant | meant | 意思 |
| send | sent | sent | 送,寄 |
| spend | spent | spent | 花費(fèi) |
| deal | dealt | dealt | 處理 |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | 重建 |
| lend | lent | lent | 借貸 |
6.輔音字母和元音字母都變
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| have | had | had | 有,吃 |
| lay | lain | lain | 放 |
| lose | lost | lost | 丟失 |
| pay | paid | paid | 付錢 |
| say | said | said | 說(shuō) |
| sell | sold | sold | 賣 |
| tell | told | told | 告訴 |
| stand | stood | stood | 站 |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood | 誤解 |
| shoot | shot | shot | 放炮；開 |
| understand | understood | understood | 理解 |
五、AAB型
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| beat | beat | beaten | 打敗 |
六、有兩種形式
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| bear | bore | born | 生 |
| bore | borne | ||
| hang | hanged | hanged | 吊死 |
| hung | hung | 掛 | |
| learn | learned | learned | 學(xué) |
| learnt | learnt | ||
| lie | lied | lied | 說(shuō)謊 |
| lay | lain | 躺 | |
| show | showed | showed | 給……看 |
| showed | shown | ||
| spell | spelled | spelled | 拼寫 |
| spelt | spelt | ||
| burn | burned | burned | 燒 |
| burnt | burnt | ||
| smell | smelled | smelled | 聞 |
| smelt | smelt | ||
| shine | shined | shined | 照耀 |
| shone | shone | ||
| dream | dreamed | dreamed | 做夢(mèng) |
| dreamt | dreamt | ||
| wake | waked | waked | 醒 |
| woke | woken | ||
| hide | hid | hid | 躲藏 |
| hid | hidden | ||
| bite | bit | bit | 咬 |
| bit | bitten | ||
| light | lighted | iighted | 點(diǎn)著 |
| lit | lit | ||
| prove | proved | proved | 證明 |
| proved | proven | ||
| quit | quit | quit | 放棄 |
| quited | quited | ||
| rid | rid | rid | 免除；去掉 |
| ridded | ridded | ||
| saw | sawed | sawed | 鋸 |
| sawed | sawn | ||
| sew | sewed | sewed | 縫紉 |
| sewed | sown | ||
| shine | shone | shone | 發(fā)光；閃亮 |
| shined | shined | ||
| sink | sank | sunk | 下沉 |
| sank | sunken | ||
| sow | sowed | sowed | 種植 |
| sowed | sown | ||
| spit | spat | spat | 吐 |
| spit | spit | ||
| spring | sprang | sprung | 跳躍 |
| sprung | sprung | ||
| wet | wet | wet | 浸濕；弄濕 |
| wetted | wetted |
七、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
| 原形 | 過(guò)去式 | 過(guò)去分詞 | 漢語(yǔ)意思 |
| can | could | ∕ | 能 |
| may | might | ∕ | 也許 |
| must | ∕ | ∕ | 必須 |
| shall | should | ∕ | 將要 |
| will | would | ∕ | 會(huì) |
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