初三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)有哪些
初三的時(shí)候,要想學(xué)好英語(yǔ),就必須學(xué)好英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。下面是小編為你推薦初三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),希望能幫到你。
初三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
英語(yǔ)名詞分可數(shù)的和不可數(shù)兩種。可數(shù)名詞指一般動(dòng)物和事物,如“Man/ friend/ driver/ student/ dog/ cat/ boat/ egg/ gun/ hand/ head/ lamp/ road/ table/ car ”等等。
可數(shù)名詞有兩個(gè)數(shù),即單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。單數(shù)名詞可以和不定冠詞“ a/ an”或其他名詞限定詞(determiners)連用;復(fù)數(shù)名詞可以和數(shù)目詞,如“many/ a few/ some/ a lot of”等連用。
不可數(shù)名詞指物質(zhì)名詞(material nouns)和抽象名詞( abstract nouns),如:“air/ butter/ grass/ money/ sand/ water/ carefulness/ joy/ peace”等等。不可數(shù)名詞可以和數(shù)量詞,如“much/ a little/ little/ a great amount of”等連用。不可數(shù)名詞只有單數(shù),沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)“-s”的形式。
有些人對(duì)名詞數(shù)的概念不很清楚,對(duì)數(shù)目詞(expressions of number)和數(shù)量詞(expressions of quantity)也有些混亂,結(jié)果把數(shù)目詞用在不可數(shù)名詞之前或隨意在不可數(shù)名詞后面加上復(fù)數(shù)詞尾 “-s”,這些都是語(yǔ)法上的錯(cuò)誤。例如:
?、?Our workshop has ordered some new equipments from Germany.
雖然有些人把 equipment(配備)當(dāng)成可數(shù)名詞,但是它是不可數(shù)的,不可有“-s”。
?、?My teacher gave me some sound advices. 應(yīng)該是“advice”。
③ Do you have any special informations for me? “Information”才對(duì)。
?、?Most furnitures in my house are made of wood. 應(yīng)該是“furniture……is……”
?、?Today, I have many new works to do. 必須是“a lot of new work”才是。
?、?Don't walk on the grasses. 應(yīng)該用“grass”。
?、?Our foreign students have made great progresses in their studies. “Progress”(進(jìn)步)不可數(shù);不可有“-es”。
?、?All his money are kept in the bank. “Money”(金錢(qián))屬不可數(shù)名詞;動(dòng)詞要單數(shù)的“is”。
上述這類(lèi)有關(guān)不可數(shù)名詞的錯(cuò)誤,極為普遍;只要看看學(xué)生的作文,便知道了。
既然如此,要怎樣避免這種錯(cuò)誤呢?
首先,必須牢記不可數(shù)名詞絕對(duì)沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。其次,隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備些數(shù)量詞,如“much/ little/ some/ a little/ a lot of/ plenty of”等,以便在必要時(shí)和不可數(shù)名詞連用。最后,謹(jǐn)記:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)的數(shù)目一致。既然不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是簡(jiǎn)單現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(simple present tense),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)( present continuous tense)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(present perfect tense)的話,就必須以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。例如:
?、?Bread is sold in coffee shops and supermarkets.
⑩ His luggage is somewhere at the railway station.
1. Some money is being used to help the poor.
2. The information required includes personal particulars and the present salary.
3. A lot of time has been spent on this project.
4. Hypocrisy gives rise to mistrust.
5. Familiarity breeds contempt.
初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn):句式句型
1. They go as fast as they can.
as…as sb. (one) can = as …as possible 盡可能地……
as…as中間加原級(jí)的形容詞或副詞。例:
I will work as hard as I can. 我將盡可能努力工作。
He ran as fast as he could. 他拼命地跑。
Please come here as soon as you can. 請(qǐng)盡快來(lái)這里。
2. We call the first Olympic Games the "ancient" Olympics.
我們把早期的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)叫做"古代"奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
call sb. / sth. +n. 稱(chēng)呼某人/某物……,后面的名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
例:We call the boy DaMao. 我們稱(chēng)呼那個(gè)男孩大毛。
類(lèi)似于這種可以用名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:
name/call/make/choose/find/think等。例:
We chose him our monitor at yesterday's class meeting.
昨天班會(huì)我們選他當(dāng)我們的班長(zhǎng)。
I find him a clever boy. 我覺(jué)得他是個(gè)聰明的孩子。
3. It seemed that Zhuang Yong and Jenny Thompson, an American swimmer, had finished at the same time.
看上去好像莊泳和美國(guó)游泳選手詹尼•湯姆森同時(shí)游完全程。
以下幾種方式可以表示"看起來(lái)……,似乎……"
It seems that +從句
seem to be +adj.
seem +adj.
例:Danny seemed excited. (Danny seemed to be excited.)
丹尼似乎很激動(dòng)。
seem to do sth.
例:When his wife's pet cat died, Alan didn't seem to care at all.
艾倫妻子的寵貓死了,他好象一點(diǎn)也不在乎。
4. Diving is one of the most popular events at the Olympics.
潛水是奧運(yùn)會(huì)最受歡迎的項(xiàng)目之一。
one of… ……其中之一,后常加最高級(jí)及名詞復(fù)數(shù)。例:
Changjiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.
長(zhǎng)江是世界最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。
5. Make your country proud. 使你的國(guó)家因你而自豪。
proud作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),修飾賓語(yǔ)your country;
make的用法:
make the bed 鋪床 make tea 沏茶
make dumplings 包餃子 make a car 制造汽車(chē)
be made of 由……制成
make sb. /sth. +n. 使某人/某物成為……
made sb. /sth. +adj. 使某人/某物如何……
make sb. /sth. do 使某人/某物做某事
名詞/形容詞/do (不定式,省to),作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
6. …his team came in twentieth. 他的隊(duì)第二十名。
twentieth 第二十
整十?dāng)?shù)的序數(shù)詞,變y為ie加th。例:
ninety→ninetieth fifty→fiftieth
7. We had such an interesting day at school today.
我們今天在學(xué)校度過(guò)了這么有趣的一天。
這句話也可以說(shuō)成:We had so interesting a day at school today.
such和so意思都是"如此……/這樣……",但用法不同。
It is so interesting a film that we all want to see it once more.
它是如此有趣的電影,我們都想再看一遍。
Thanks a lot for sending me such beautiful pictures by e-mail!
多謝你用e-mail給我發(fā)來(lái)這么漂亮的圖片。
He is so weak that he can't work on.
他如此虛弱以致不能再繼續(xù)工作。
8. If I don't. I won't be able to sleep tonight.
如果我不寫(xiě)下來(lái)的話,我今晚睡不著覺(jué)。
此句是if構(gòu)成的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。
I'll go to the park with my friends if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨,我要和朋友去公園。
9. If he practises walking on pizzas, he'll do better next time.
如果他保持練習(xí)在比薩餅上走的話,下次他會(huì)表現(xiàn)好一些。
finish, enjoy, practise, keep, mind后常加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。例:
You'd better practise speaking English both in and after class.
你最好在課上課下練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。